Validation of the Entrepreneurial Model of Iraqi Secondary School Principals
Keywords:
Accreditation, Entrepreneurship, School PrincipalsAbstract
Purpose: This study aimed to validate the entrepreneurial model of Iraqi secondary school principals and to examine the model fit and construct validity of its dimensions within the Iraqi educational context.
Methodology: This applied, quantitative study employed a descriptive–analytical correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all principals of technical and vocational secondary schools in Iraq in 2024 (316 schools), from which 174 principals were selected through simple random sampling and 20 experts through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 40-item researcher-made questionnaire adapted from Kazem Lefteh (2025). Face, content (CVR, CVI), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant) were assessed, and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and McDonald’s omega. Data analysis was conducted using one-sample t-tests and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS 23 and SmartPLS 3.
Findings: The one-sample t-test results indicated that the mean scores of all components were significantly higher than the criterion value (p<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an acceptable model fit, supporting a three-dimensional structure comprising strategic, transformational, and social dimensions, with all factor loadings exceeding 0.40 and global fit indices within recommended thresholds.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that the entrepreneurial model of Iraqi secondary school principals possesses satisfactory validity and reliability, making it a robust framework for assessing entrepreneurial leadership and informing professional development and policy initiatives in Iraq’s secondary education system.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulrazzaq Kadhim Lafta (Author); Ashraf Alsadat Hosseini Mirsafi; Soudabeh Azodolmolki (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
