Structural Equation Modeling of Educational Activities Based on the Culture of Sacrifice in Iranian Secondary Schools
Keywords:
forgiveness and clemency, patience and perseverance, jihadist activities, educational activities, Culture of sacrificeAbstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model of educational activities based on the culture of sacrifice in Iranian secondary schools.
Methodology: This study employed a descriptive-survey design with a quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of all educational activities teachers in Fars Province (approximately 2,500 in 2025–2026), from which 333 participants were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data were collected through a 39-item researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and reliability established via Cronbach’s alpha above 0.7. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method in SmartPLS software. Composite reliability, average variance extracted (AVE), discriminant validity, and model fit indices were evaluated.
Findings: Results indicated that all factor loadings exceeded 0.4 and t-values were statistically significant, confirming construct validity. Reliability indices (CR>0.7) and convergent validity (AVE>0.4) were satisfactory, while the Fornell–Larcker criterion supported discriminant validity. Coefficients of determination (R²) ranged from 0.622 to 0.948, indicating strong explanatory power, with an average of 0.786. Predictive relevance (Q²) values demonstrated strong predictive capability, and the overall goodness-of-fit (GOF=0.50) confirmed robust model fit. Four main dimensions—individual-personality, social-cultural, religious-spiritual, and educational-infrastructural—were identified as significant components of the model.
Conclusion: The proposed model demonstrates strong fit and explanatory power, indicating that effective development of educational activities based on the culture of sacrifice requires a multidimensional and integrated approach within the educational system.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Hojatollah Ghaffari (Author); Mohammad sharifani; Seyed Ahmad Hashemi, Aliasghar Mashinchi (Author)
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